What we know
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The skin of infants and children is still developing: the epidermis, dermis and subcutis have different proportions and functions compared to adults.
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One major pediatric skin condition is Atopic Dermatitis (AD; eczema). It is characterized by barrier dysfunction (e.g., increased transepidermal water loss), immune/inflammatory dysregulation, and altered skin-microbiome interactions.
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Research in pediatric dermatology is expanding because many treatments for adults don’t translate directly to children (due to growth, metabolism, safety issues).
Why it matters
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Early childhood is a critical time: barrier defects and inflammation may set the stage for later atopic disease, sensitization, and even systemic allergic disease (allergic march).
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Understanding how skin develops and how it fails gives insight into prevention (e.g., early moisturizing) and treatment tailored for children.
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The burden: skin problems are a large part of pediatric visits.